Ecastl (Harish's Language)

This is where I teach about the functioning and Grammar of Ecastl

Plurals:

Forming Plurals in Ecastl is a bit tricky. There is a factor which determines which suffix goes to which noun. Firstly, the noun must be in one of 3 classifications: Living, Non-Living or Abstract.

Living things are Plants, Animals, Humans, etc..

Non-living things are Books, Electronics, Pens, etc...

Abstract nouns (in Ecastl) are nouns that cannot be seen or felt like Words, Music, Ideas, etc...

The suffix added to make a noun plural that is a living thing is: r̊ø (ø making an eu sound)

Eg: Lán - Man, Lánr̊ø - Men

But it comes with a catch.

r̊ø cannot just be added at the end of the word. For some words, letters are replaced with r̊ø. Here's an example. Let's take the Ecastl word for Person: Pelpöê. Now let's convert that into the plural form: Pelr̊ø. Here, the letters p,ö&ê are being replaced with r̊ø. So, for some words, the plural needs to be memorised.

Converting Non-Living things into Plurals is very straightforward. The suffix: ërê is added at the end of the word. If the word ends in a vowel, the suffix:r is added. Here, ërê/r does not replace any letters, so there is no need to memorise the plural form.

Eg - Súrɛä́r (Phone) becomes Súrɛä́rërê (Phones).

Here's another example: Watã́u (Castle) becomes Watã́ur (Castles)

Making an Abstract Noun into a plural is just as tricky. Just like making a Living Thing into a plural, The Plural of of Abstract Nouns need to be memorised as well. The suffix: ërê can replace any amount of letters in the word. Here's an example:

Vr̊d (Word), Vr̊ërê (Words). Here the letter: d is being taken out and replaced with ërê.

Noun Cases:

Ecastl has 12 noun cases, which are:

Nominative - Subject

Accusative - Object

Dative - To

Ablative - From

Instrumental - By / with

Comitative - With*

Genitive - Of / belonging to

Locative - In / on / at

Comparative - Than (Used to compare)

Terminative - Up to (Shows a goal)

Vocative - To address somebody / something

Exclusive - Except (for)

*Under instrumental there is the Comitative case which is used for accompaniment. The comitative with is used when doing something with the help of others, while the instrumental with is used when using something to do something. Let's take an example:

- I built it with friends. Here, the comitative case is used to show that friends are helping you build it, which shows accompaniment.

- I built it with hammers. Here, the instrumental case is used to show that a hammer is being used to help with building it.

Take the comitative case as the "going" with, and the instrumental case as "using" with.

The Noun Table (or amfä́ra in Ecastl) is different based on the ending of the word: Whether it ends in a Vowel, Half-Vowel or a Consonant. Here is the Table for vowel-ending words:

Here's the formation:

This is the table written in Weng̀úl:

Noun Table: Half-Vowel Ending

Here's the formation:

Here's the table written in Weng̀úl:

Noun Table: Consonant-Ending

Here's the formation:

Here's the Table written in Weng̀úl:

A few things to note:

- The comitative case is not included here as it is only a topic under the instrumental, and is optional. However, it is still counted as a case. The comitative case is used for emphasis, and at times when it is used, the noun in its instrumental case + ɛún is added.

- The terminative case is also an optional case under the Locative Case, but it is still counted as a case and is used for emphasis. When it is used, The locative case + ɛúla is added.

- The comparative case can also be used for similes (______ is like _____ ) or metaphors (when something is something else)

- The Dative case is only used for giving something to somebody / thing, not for going to a place. The accusative case is used if one wants to say going to (a place).

Articles

Unlike English, there is only 1 article in Écaʂtl: Úm, which means the when translated into English, To say a / an, no word is used; just the noun itself.

So, A chair will be enmyä́r

And The Chair will be Úmˈenmyä́r

Notice that there is an apostrophe after Úm. Úm always has to be followed by an apostrophe.

Sentence Structure:

Écaʂtl follows the SOV structure, which means that the Subject comes first, followed by the object, then the verb.

Here's an example:

Ílˈ píbã́qûerã́u píberem - I drink water

Here,

Ílˈ means I

píbã́qûer means water

~ã́u is a suffix added to show that word is an object

píberem means drink

Here, we can see that the SOV rule is being followed, as Ílˈ is the subject píbã́qûer is the object, and píberem is the verb.

See if you can translate the following sentences into Écaʂtl:

He runs with the deer.

You come from the house

A person goes to the castle

Continuous:

As we know, verbs can be conjugated into 9 forms.
But that's not all

There are 3 more forms:

- Affective

- Negative

- Ínfleʈ

So, in total, we have 12 forms, which are:

- Simple Present

- Present Continuous

- Present Perfect

- Simple Past

- Past continuous

- Past perfect

- Request / Command

- Condition

- Modal

- Affective

- Negative

- Ínfleʈ

But there is a conjugation that is common for all the types of words except verbs (nouns, adjectives, and adverbs) and that is the continuous.

The continuous already exists, but it is only for verbs, and that is the present continuous. This continuous is for nouns, adjectives and adverbs.

To say something in the continuous, the suffix: ësê is added. Which roughly means is. If the word joined to ësê ends in a vowel, then a break is added between the ending vowel and ë. ~ësê is always used at the end and will never come at the middle of a sentence unless another sentence is joined with it (this will be taught later on).

Here's an example using the word: ez (cake)

Úmˈ ez mã́ʂësê - The cake is delicious

Here, we know that:

Úmˈ means the

ez means cake

mã́ʂ means delicious

~ësê means is

~ësê can also be added for pronouns, but not for proper nouns like names of people or places.

Here's another example:

He is Ram will be:

Ópësê Rã́m and not Óp Rã́mësê. This is because ~ësê cannot come after a name.

~ësê cannot be used as a continuous tense for verbs. There is another suffix just for the continuous of verbs which will be taught later, it can also be used for there is.

Eg -

There is a house - kremësê

Note - There are no vern conjugations in Écä́ʂtl, so ~ësê can be used for, am, is, or are.

Adjectives:

Adjectives function the same way as in English, they are used to describe the noun. Here are some adjectives in Écaʂtl:

See if you can translator these sentences into Écä́ʂtl:

The frog is small.

There is a kind person.

I am happy.

Verbs - Present continuous

To make a verb in the present continuous, we add the suffix: ẽ́sê. If the verb ends in a vowel, just s is - added.

Eg -

Helping - Hä́lp + ẽ́sê = Hä́lpẽ́sê

but

Saying - ʂlẽ́ + s = ʂlés

In the Latin script, there are words which end in evḯlê ( ̂ - to denote that a vowel is silent) or eʂcvḯlê ( ̌ - to denote that a consonant is silent) on them. But since they aren't pronounced, we take the pronounced letter that is closest to it, and replace them with ẽ́sê or s

So,

Walking is emím̊m̌ẽ́sê, and not emím̊m̌ês because the e has an evḯlê on it, which denotes that it is silent. Therefore, we take the closest letter to e that is pronounced, which is m, so it will be emím̊m̌ẽ́sê.

When sṹs comes, it translates to is being, and can be used as a word in this context.

See if you can translate the following sentences into English:

Ílˈ írä́nẽ́sê

Ṹlˈ Ílˈ flés

Ópˈ br̊ṹd sṹs

Pronoun Cases

Along with nouns, Pronouns have cases as well, but for pronoun cases, the instrumental case is replaced with the comitative case.

Here's the case for First Person: Ím